Your pancreas needs the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) to function normally. Antibodies that target this enzyme are called GAD antibodies. An antibody is a protein that your immune system uses to attack foreign objects. Those foreign objects, such as viruses or bacteria, are often potentially harmful.
Sometimes, the immune system makes autoantibodies, which are antibodies that mistakenly attack normal cells that aren’t harmful. When that happens, it causes an autoimmune disorder. About 75 percent of people with type 1 diabetes have GAD autoantibodies in their blood.
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The Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD-65) IgG Antibodies Test is a blood test that assesses the presence of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD-65), an enzyme found in the pancreas and central nervous system. GAD-65 is vital in the production of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that regulates communication between nerve cells. The presence of antibodies against GAD-65 may indicate an autoimmune response, where the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues. This test is commonly used in the diagnosis and management of Type 1 Diabetes and some neurological disorders, such as Stiff Person Syndrome.
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A positive test result means that antibodies against GAD-65 are present in the blood. This may indicate an autoimmune condition such as Type 1 Diabetes or Stiff Person Syndrome. A negative result means that antibodies are not present or are at levels too low to detect.
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What does the GAD 65 Test Measure ?
GAD 65 test measures the presence of GAD anti-bodies in the blood. These antibodies determine whether the person is having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. If GAD antibodies are present then person is type 1 diabetes and if not then the person is type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is the result of an immune system malfunction. It starts when your immune system attacks and destroys beta cells in your pancreas. These are the cells that produce insulin, a hormone necessary to regulate blood glucose levels. Once your immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, they can’t be repaired. Without insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and leaves your cells starved for energy.
In type 2 diabetes, your pancreas may not be producing enough insulin or your body isn’t using it efficiently. Type 2 diabetes starts as insulin resistance. The presence of GAD autoantibodies indicates an immune system attack, which points to type 1 diabetes.
Why should I do the GAD 65 Test?
GAD 65 Antiboidies test can be ordered by your doctor if you are diagnosed with diabetes. However, diabetes is not the only reason for which GAD 65 test is ordered. It can also be ordered if the doctor suspects:
Cerebellar Ataxia - This brain disorder causes sudden uncoordinated muscle movement.
Stiff Person Syndrome - This neurological condition causes stiff muscles and muscle spasms.
Other Autoimmune Diseases - These include rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and thyroid disease.
How is the GAD Test Done ?
The CBC test is a simple blood test with no need for fasting before the test. The blood sample can be taken by the phlebotomist at a pathology lab or at home. At Maurya Labs, Purnea the test is done on a Fully Automatic machine which is the first and only one in entire Seemanchal region. The sample collection takes less than a minute.
Can GAD 65 test help in monitoring progression of diabetes?
This test is not typically used for monitoring the progression of Type 1 Diabetes but can be valuable in the initial diagnosis and understanding the autoimmune aspect of the condition.
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1st Floor, Al-Shams Complex, Shop No. 101,
Opposite Sadar Hospital, Azad Nagar,
Araria, Bihar - 854311
Mob : +91-92 34 34 4301
Power House Road, Near HP World,
Rajhata, Binodpur, Katihar,
Bihar - 854105
Mob : +91-92 34 34 4301
